SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
Continuing Nursing Education
Preparation for RN Licensure
Nutrition
Module
Module Description
This module is designed as a tutorial to
assist nursing
students with preparation for the National Council Licensure
Examination
for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT).
Students
will review pertinent information related to nutrition as it pertains
to
the nutritional needs of clients.
Learning
Objectives
After completing this module, the
learner will be able
to:
-
Discuss dietary guidelines for specific
food sources.
-
Identify the servings in each area of
the Food Pyramid.
-
List the foods included in the dietary
guidelines for each
special diet.
-
Correlate nutritional deficiencies to
specific abnormal conditions.
Online Tutorial
According to the
Davis Drug Guide
for Nurses, there are specific food sources that the nurse must be
knowledgeable
about and include in the nutritional teaching for clients. This food
sources
include:
These specific food
sources have been
identified because of their association with client conditions that are
often the result of the side effects
of
prescribed medication or specific
digestive disorders (Lactose
Intolerance,
Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, and Ulcerative Colitis).
Potassium is
an intracellular cation that plays an essential role in maintaining the
acid-base and water balance in the body. A proper balance between
sodium,
calcium, and potassium is necessary for proper cardiac function (Miller
and Keane Dictionary).
Potassium and
Calcium
are directly related to a healthy functioning heart. Increased or
decreased
levels of potassium or calcium can adversely affect the HEART
with DANGEROUS ARRHYTHMIAS.
Increased levels
of POTASSIUM
result in "tall-tented T waves" and
decreased levels of POTASSIUM
result in "ST depression and U waves".
Increased levels
of CALCIUM
result in "shortened QT intervals" and
decreased levels of CALCIUM
result in "lengthening of the QT
intervals".
Calcium is
the primary mineral needed for building and maintaining strong bones.
Calcium
is important to growing children (peak bone-building years are between
the teens and early 30s) and women. Calcium helps to prevent OSTEOPOROSIS
which can occur in women after menopause (Miller and Keane
Dictionary).
Sodium
is the major extracellular cation and determines the osmolality of the
extracellular fluid (Miller and Keane Dictionary).
Decreased levels
of serum sodium
concentration are associated with diarrhea,
vomiting, Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
(SIADH), the late stages of Congestive
Heart Failure and Cirrhosis, Acute or Chronic Renal Failure,
and DIURETIC therapy.
An increased
levels of serum sodium
concentration are associated with insensible water loss that is not
replaced
by drinking (comatose patient with Diabetes
Insipidus).
Iron is
important to the human body because it is the main component of
hemoglobin.
A small but constant intake of iron is necessary to replace
erythrocytes
that are destroyed in the body (Miller and Keane Dictionary). Iron
Deficiency Anemia is the most common
form
of anemia but loss of blood from bleeding
ulcers, hemorrhoids, or injury may
also
result in a deficiency of iron.
Vitamin K promotes
blood clotting by increasing the synthesis of prothrombin by the liver.
A deficiency of Vitamin K results in delayed clotting and results in
excessive
bleeding and bruising under the skin.
Vitamin D
is obtained from the direct action of sunlight on the skin which
changes
certain substances in the body into Vitamin D. Vitamin D is required
for
the utilization of Calcium and Phosphorus (essential components for
growth
and maintenance of healthy bones). Vitamin D deficiencies result in RICKETS
in children and OSTEOMALACIA
and OSTEOPOROSIS
in adults.
Online Assignment
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